Grade 9 — De-Streamed Math
A comprehensive foundation in number sense, algebra, linear relations, geometry, data literacy, and financial literacy. Designed for all pathways.
Number Sense & Operations
Students compare, represent, and operate with rational and irrational numbers using mental math and estimation strategies.
- Rational vs. irrational numbers
- Integers, fractions, decimals, percentages
- Order of operations (BEDMAS/PEMDAS)
- Scientific notation
- Square roots and cube roots
Algebraic Expressions & Equations
Students simplify algebraic expressions, solve linear equations and inequalities, and apply the distributive property.
- Simplifying expressions (combining like terms, distributive property)
- Solving one-step and multi-step linear equations
- Solving inequalities and representing solutions on a number line
- Rearranging formulas
Linear Relations
Students analyze linear relationships using tables, graphs, and equations. They interpret slope as a rate of change.
- Graphing linear relations from equations, tables, and descriptions
- Calculating slope (rise over run)
- y-intercept and its meaning in context
- Writing equations in slope-intercept form (y = mx + b)
Measurement & Geometry
Students solve problems involving perimeter, area, surface area, and volume. They explore geometric properties and transformations.
- Perimeter & area of triangles, quadrilaterals, and composite shapes
- Surface area & volume of prisms, pyramids, cylinders
- Pythagorean theorem
- Transformations: translations, rotations, reflections, dilations
Data Literacy
Students collect, organize, and analyze data using statistical measures and visual representations.
- Types of data (categorical vs. numerical, discrete vs. continuous)
- Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and spread (range)
- Data visualization (histograms, scatter plots, bar graphs)
- Identifying misleading graphs and bias
Financial Literacy
Students apply math skills to budgeting, interest calculations, and financial decision-making.
- Creating and analyzing budgets (income vs. expenses)
- Simple vs. compound interest (savings, loans, credit cards)
- Financial planning (short-term vs. long-term goals)
- Understanding credit scores and debt management
Grade 10 — Principles of Mathematics
Academic preparation for university-bound students. Covers linear systems, analytic geometry, quadratic relations, trigonometry, and measurement.
Algebraic Skills & Linear Systems
Students review and extend their understanding of algebraic expressions and equations. They solve systems of linear equations using various methods.
- Review of linear equations
- Solving systems by graphing, substitution, and elimination
- Applications of linear systems
- Word problems involving systems
Analytic Geometry
Students explore the relationships between equations and geometric representations of lines.
- Slope and equations of lines
- Midpoint and distance formulas
- Parallel and perpendicular lines
Quadratic Relations
Students investigate quadratic relations and their properties. They graph and analyze parabolas.
- Characteristics of quadratic relations
- Vertex form and standard form
- Graphing parabolas
- Axis of symmetry and vertex
Quadratic Equations
Students solve quadratic equations using a variety of methods and apply these skills to problem-solving.
- Factoring trinomials and special products
- Solving by factoring, completing the square, and quadratic formula
- Discriminant and nature of roots
Trigonometry
Students explore trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles.
- Sine, cosine, and tangent ratios
- Solving right triangles
- Angle of elevation and depression
Measurement & Geometry
Students solve problems involving surface area and volume of 3D figures.
- Surface area and volume of prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, and spheres
- Composite figures
- Optimization problems
Grade 11 — Functions (University)
Essential preparation for Grade 12 Calculus and university STEM programs.
Introduction to Functions
Students explore the concept of a function and distinguish between relations and functions.
- Relations vs. functions
- Function notation
- Domain and range
- Evaluating functions
- Graphs of functions
Characteristics of Functions
Students investigate key features of functions and their graphs.
- Intercepts, intervals of increase/decrease
- Maximum and minimum values
- Transformations (translations, reflections, stretches)
- Even and odd functions
Quadratic Functions
Students deepen their understanding of quadratic functions.
- Vertex form, factored form, and standard form
- Completing the square
- Solving quadratic equations
- Applications of quadratic models
Exponential Functions
Students explore exponential growth and decay.
- Exponential growth and decay
- Graphing exponential functions
- Applications in finance and science
Discrete Functions
Students study sequences and series, focusing on arithmetic and geometric patterns.
- Arithmetic sequences and series
- Geometric sequences and series
- Recursive formulas
- Sigma notation
Trigonometric Functions
Students extend their knowledge of trigonometry to include the unit circle and sinusoidal functions.
- Radian measure
- Unit circle and trigonometric ratios
- Graphs of sine and cosine functions
- Amplitude, period, phase shift
Grade 11 — Foundations for College Math
Practical mathematics for college and workplace pathways.
Probability
Students explore the concepts of probability and apply them to real-world contexts.
- Experimental and theoretical probability
- Probability of compound events
- Tree diagrams and organized lists
One-Variable Statistics
Students collect, organize, and analyze data involving one variable.
- Data collection methods
- Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode)
- Measures of spread (range, interquartile range, standard deviation)
- Histograms and box plots
Quadratic Relations
Students investigate quadratic relations and their applications.
- Graphing quadratic relations
- Vertex and standard forms
- Solving quadratics by factoring and using the quadratic formula
Trigonometry
Students solve problems involving right and oblique triangles.
- Sine, cosine, and tangent ratios
- Solving right triangles
- Sine Law and Cosine Law
Exponents & Exponential Relations
Students explore exponential growth and decay.
- Laws of exponents
- Exponential growth and decay
- Graphing exponential functions
Compound Interest & Personal Finance
Students apply mathematics to financial decision-making.
- Simple vs. compound interest
- Credit cards and loans
- Budgeting and saving
Grade 12 — Advanced Functions
University preparation for calculus, engineering, and sciences.
Polynomial Functions
Students explore the characteristics of polynomial functions.
- Characteristics of polynomial functions
- Factoring and solving polynomial equations
- Remainder and factor theorems
- Graphing polynomial functions
Rational Functions
Students investigate rational expressions and functions.
- Simplifying rational expressions
- Identifying asymptotes and discontinuities
- Graphing rational functions
- Solving rational equations
Trigonometric Functions
Students extend their understanding of trigonometric functions.
- Radian measure and unit circle
- Graphs of sine, cosine, and tangent functions
- Amplitude, period, phase shift
- Trigonometric identities and equations
Exponential & Logarithmic Functions
Students explore exponential and logarithmic functions.
- Laws of exponents and logarithms
- Graphing exponential and logarithmic functions
- Solving exponential and logarithmic equations
Combining Functions
Students learn how to combine functions using operations and composition.
- Function operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)
- Composition of functions
- Inverse functions
- Domain and range of combined functions
Grade 12 — Calculus & Vectors
Essential for engineering, physics, and computer science.
Rates of Change
Students develop an understanding of average and instantaneous rates of change.
- Average vs. instantaneous rate of change
- Secant and tangent lines
- Introduction to limits
- Derivatives of polynomial functions
Derivatives & Their Applications
Students learn rules for finding derivatives and apply them.
- Derivative rules (power, product, quotient, chain)
- Derivatives of polynomial, rational, radical, exponential, and sinusoidal functions
- First and second derivative tests
- Optimization problems
Curve Sketching & Optimization
Students use derivatives to analyze and sketch functions.
- Critical points and inflection points
- Increasing/decreasing intervals
- Concavity and points of inflection
- Sketching curves using derivatives
Trigonometric & Exponential Functions
Students extend their understanding of derivatives to include trigonometric and exponential functions.
- Derivatives of sine, cosine, and exponential functions
- Applications in physics and biology
Vectors in Two & Three Dimensions
Students explore vector operations and apply them to geometric and algebraic problems.
- Vector notation and operations
- Scalar and vector components
- Dot product and angle between vectors
Lines & Planes in 3D Space
Students represent lines and planes in three-dimensional space.
- Vector, parametric, and symmetric equations of lines
- Equations of planes
- Intersections of lines and planes
Grade 12 — Mathematics of Data Management
Essential for business, social sciences, and health sciences.
Organization of Data for Analysis
Students learn how to collect, organize, and display data effectively.
- Types of data (categorical, numerical, discrete, continuous)
- Data collection methods (surveys, experiments, observational studies)
- Sampling techniques and bias
Statistical Analysis
Students analyze one-variable and two-variable data using statistical measures.
- Measures of central tendency and spread (mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation)
- Histograms, box plots, scatter plots
- Correlation and causation
- Linear regression and line of best fit
Introduction to Probability
Students explore the basic principles of probability.
- Theoretical vs. experimental probability
- Sample spaces and events
- Venn diagrams and probability rules
- Independent and dependent events
Probability Distributions & Predictions
Students investigate discrete probability distributions.
- Binomial and normal distributions
- Expected value
- Applications in games, insurance, and risk analysis
Culminating Data Investigation
Students conduct a major investigation integrating data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
- Designing a study or experiment
- Collecting and analyzing data
- Drawing conclusions and evaluating results
- Communicating findings effectively
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